Blog
8 Things to Know About Targeted Therapies for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

One of the most exciting advances in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the development of drugs that target specific changes, or mutations, that occur inside cells when they become cancerous.
These targeted therapies can often identify and attack cancer cells more effectively than conventional chemotherapy — and usually with fewer side effects.
Here’s what you need to know about this promising advancement in cancer medicine.
1. NSCLC Targeted Therapies Are More Precise Than Standard Chemo
“Traditional chemotherapy is designed to kill any rapidly dividing cells, which tend to be cancer cells. But because they don’t have a specific target, they kill healthy cells as well,” says Edward Garon, MD, director of the thoracic oncology program at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center in Los Angeles.
“These mutations make proteins that send signals that lead to the development and maintenance of the cancer,” says Dr. Garon. Targeted therapies take aim at these proteins directly to stop the cancer from spreading.
2. Not All Metastatic NSCLC Is Treated the Same
“While we’re not yet at the point where we have a different drug for every single patient, we do have medicines for groups of individuals who share the same mutation in their lung cancer cells,” Garon explains.
3. NSCLC Targeted Therapies Are Less Likely Than Chemo to Cause Broad Side Effects
“These drugs have been quite well tolerated and tend to cause fewer and less-severe side effects than traditional chemotherapy,” says Garon.
4. But They Do Cause Some Side Effects
“As with any drug, there can be toxicities,” Garon notes. Those will depend on the type and dose of drug you take and your overall health, but the most common side effects are a skin rash and gastrointestinal problems.
Your healthcare team can help you manage any side effects you experience during treatment.
5. NSCLC Targeted Drugs Aren’t for Everyone
According to Garon, not every genetic mutation currently has an FDA-approved targeted medication. “In addition to approved therapies, however, there are other mutations in non-small cell lung cancer for which there are drugs showing real promise in clinical trials.”
As the available targets increase, so will the percentage of people with advanced NSCLC who are candidates for this type of treatment.
6. You Need to Be Tested to Know if NSCLC Targeted Therapy Is an Option for You
While genetic testing is considered the standard of care for metastatic NSCLC, it’s worth asking your doctor not only if you are being tested, but also exactly which mutations you are being tested for, Garon stresses.
“You want to make sure you’re being tested for mutations that have FDA-approved therapies, but also for mutations that may not have approved therapies yet, but do have drugs showing promise in clinical trials,” he says.
Comprehensive genetic testing will help you and your doctor determine all your possible treatment options.
7. Targeted Drugs Can Be Expensive
8. You May Still Need Other Treatments
People with an EGFR or ALK mutation generally get targeted therapy as a first-line treatment. “Patients with other types of mutations sometimes go with chemotherapy-based approaches initially, then move to a targeted therapy,” says Garon.
Clinical trials are also an option – speak to your doctor to learn more about which trials you might be eligible for, or search ClinicalTrials.gov.