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How to Care for 5 Joints Commonly Affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects everyone differently, but certain joints are more often involved in the disease than others. One reason the condition can be so hard to live with is that it typically affects the fingers, wrists, knees, ankles, and feet — joints that get a lot of use, explains David Lee, MD, a rheumatologist at Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center in Riverside, California.
In general, you can limit joint damage by following your medication regimen, not smoking, getting regular exercise, and eating an anti-inflammatory diet. But when it comes to soothing the joints that ache the most, these tips can help.
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Your Knees
Where: RA typically affects both sides of the body, so most people feel pain in both knees.
What worsens it: When you’re having a flare, repetitive use and high-impact exercises may make knee pain worse. Being overweight and sedentary increases knee pain and stiffness, whether or not you’re having a flare.
What helps: Maintaining a healthy body weight and exercising regularly can help relieve pain and stiffness.
“Physical activity is not known to worsen arthritis in joints; in fact, most people with RA experience stiffness with inactivity and find relief with joint movement,” says Kim Huffman, MD, PhD, an associate professor of medicine in the division of rheumatology and immunology at the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute in Durham, North Carolina.
2. RA and the Forefoot
Where: The joints in the toes and the ball of the foot.
What worsens it: As Dr. Huffman notes, “RA foot (and hand) manifestations don’t result from weight-bearing but from a systemic inflammatory process. However, once the inflammation is present in the foot or ankle, poor shoe wear can certainly exacerbate the pain and potential deformities.”
“The foot deformities from RA (bunions, claw toes, and hammertoes),” adds Huffman, “are generally regarded as a sign of disease activity, likely aggravated by poor shoe fit.”
Shoes that are tight and squeeze the toes or shift weight onto the ball of the foot, such as high heels, will likely exacerbate symptoms.
What helps: Wear shoes that fit well, provide cushioning, and leave plenty of room for your toes. Specially fitted orthotics, such as inserts for your shoes, can also relieve pressure on the parts of the feet that are most affected.
Remember to stretch and exercise your feet, toes included, to keep joints flexible.