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Tick Bites Sending More People to the ER — Here’s How to Prevent Them

If you’ve come across more ticks on your outdoor adventures this summer, it’s not surprising — experts say it’s shaping up to be a bad tick season.
“We are seeing a dramatic increase, or some people would say an explosion, in the number of ticks encountered by humans,” says Saravanan Thangamani, PhD, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. Dr. Thangamani also serves as the director of the Upstate Tick Testing Laboratory, which tests ticks submitted by New York residents.
Thangamani says that the lab has seen twice as many ticks as last year. His colleagues around the country are seeing a similar increase in ticks, he adds.
Why Is Tick Season Getting Worse?
“Anecdotally, it seems like a bad year for ticks, based on my personal experience,” says Stephanie Lareau, MD, an emergency physician and the wilderness medicine fellowship director at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine in Roanoke.
Multiple factors are to blame, she says. “With climate change, warmer temperatures and milder winters have allowed the tick habitat to expand.”
High humidity also prolongs tick survival, Thangamani says.
How to Know if Ticks Are Bad in Your Area
Ticks tend to prefer grassy or wooded areas, says Alex Koo, MD, an emergency physician at MedStar Health in Baltimore. “Traditionally, we think of camping, hiking, and more austere environments as areas with more chance of tick bites, but it could be a suburban backyard, as well.”
- Deer ticks (also known as the black-legged tick) and American dog ticks are common throughout the eastern half of the United States.
- Brown dog ticks can be found nationwide.
- The lone star tick is found in the Southeastern, Eastern, and South Central United States.
- Rocky Mountain wood ticks live in the Western United States.
How Ticks Can Make You Sick
“Lyme disease is by far the most common and frequently encountered tick-borne disease,” Dr. Koo says. “In its early stages, Lyme is not particularly dangerous and can cause flu-like symptoms of body aches, fever, chills, headache, and fatigue. However, if untreated for several weeks to months, it can lead to serious complications, such as cardiac and neurologic damage.”
How to Prevent a Tick Bite
To avoid getting bitten by ticks, Koo recommends:
- Wear long sleeves and pants when going outdoors, especially in wooded or grassy areas.
- Tuck your pants into your socks and wear light colors so ticks are easier to spot.
Insecticides (chemicals that repel or kill ticks) can also help. Lareau suggests the following:
- Treat your clothes with the insecticide permethrin (0.5 percent).
- Apply DEET (10 to 30 percent) or picardin (20 percent) to exposed skin to keep ticks away.
Talk to your veterinarian about tick-control products for your pets, Lareau says.
When you get home, remove your clothing and check again, especially in areas with skin folds, such as armpits, under breasts, and groin creases, Koo adds.
“Showering as soon as feasible after being outdoors can help you locate ticks and remove them before they transmit diseases,” Lareau says.
What to Do if You Get a Tick Bite
- Clean the area around the tick with warm, soapy water or rubbing alcohol.
- Use fine-tipped tweezers to gently grab the tick near its head, as close to your skin as possible.
- Avoid twisting or crushing the tick’s body.
- Pull the tick upward firmly but slowly.
- Clean the bite area with soap and water.